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Reference for Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements are susceptible to a multitude of instrumental and physical variables, far more so than absorption measurements. This inherent complexity results in the distinct possibility that identical samples may yield dissimilar outcomes when analyzed with different instruments, even when they share similar design characteristics. Physical phenomena, such as quenching or self-absorption, can introduce deviations from anticipated concentration-to-emission relationships, particularly within narrow concentration ranges. Consequently, the creation of universally applicable "absolute" reference materials, with certified values applicable across all instruments, remains a formidable challenge, as these values may inherently depend on the specific instrumentation employed.
Nevertheless, provided rigorous homogeneity and stability criteria are met, it remains feasible to generate reference materials designed to facilitate ongoing monitoring of a spectrofluorometer's performance over time. These materials also serve as valuable tools for assessing and comparing the relative performance of various instruments. Termed "Reference Materials" (RMs) or Quality Control Materials (QCMs).
It is essential to note that instrument qualification typically holds validity for a specific instrument and operates within a relatively narrow band of operating parameters, sometimes even aligning with specific analytical methods. While the references listed below cater to numerous routine scenarios, to custom-design and supply fluorescence Reference Materials tailored precisely to individual requirements.
Nevertheless, provided rigorous homogeneity and stability criteria are met, it remains feasible to generate reference materials designed to facilitate ongoing monitoring of a spectrofluorometer's performance over time. These materials also serve as valuable tools for assessing and comparing the relative performance of various instruments. Termed "Reference Materials" (RMs) or Quality Control Materials (QCMs).
It is essential to note that instrument qualification typically holds validity for a specific instrument and operates within a relatively narrow band of operating parameters, sometimes even aligning with specific analytical methods. While the references listed below cater to numerous routine scenarios, to custom-design and supply fluorescence Reference Materials tailored precisely to individual requirements.
types of crm for fluorescence spectroscopy
- Quinine Sulfate Solution References
- High Purity Water (Raman) Reference
- This Reference Material can be used to qualify the Signal to Noise Ratio of a spectrofluorometer near the limit of detection and hence indicate its ultimate sensitivity.
- Doped Polymer Blocks (Starna SF Series)
- These references are designed for the routine performance qualification of fluorescence spectrophotometers and fluorimeters. They can be used in both continuous-source and flash-source instruments and are available in a variety of physical formats, suitable for use in conventional spectrofluorometers or for specialist applications such as microscopy or PCR.
- Europium III Phosphorescence Reference
- Starna Rhodamine B Quantum Counter
- This design is used by several instrument manufacturers as a quantum counter to determine spectral response factors, and thereby calculate ‘corrected’ fluorescence spectra.
- Starna Quantum Yield Reference
- Doped Polymer Blocks (Starna 6BF Series)
- These materials may be used on a routine basis to calibrate, compare and monitor the performance of Fluorescence Spectrophotometers. p-Terphenyl, Ovalene, Tetraphenylbutadiene and Anthracene in PMMA are cited in USP chapter for wavelength validation.
- Rare Earth Solution Cells
- Holmium Oxide Liquid (240-650 nm) - the most widely used reference for wavelength accuracy – accepted by all major Pharmacopoeias
- Cerium Oxide liquid (200-300 nm) - a convenient way of qualifying spectrophotometers in the far UV.
- Didymium Oxide Liquid (290-870 nm) – useful peaks in the NIR
- Combined Holmium/Didymium Oxide Liquid (240 to 795 nm) – evenly spaced peaks over the range
- Holmium Oxide Glass (270-640 nm) – more robust and useful for routine checks
- Didymium Glass (430 - 890 nm) – more robust and useful for routine check
- Starna wide-range wavelength reference (335 - 1945 nm) - 20 peaks for wavelength calibration from UV to NIR. NEW!
- Deep UV Reference (190-220 nm) – qualification in the deep UV: unique to Starna
- Samarium Oxide Liquid (230 – 560 nm) – for the commonly used region from 200 nm to 500 nm
- Doped Glass Microplate References
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Fluorescence Spectrometers
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Raman Spectroscopy
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Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)
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Cuvettes
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